Taxon and vernacular names, or fragments of the epithet (genus or species). Do not categorize authorities.
The Prometheus Description Model: an examination of the taxonomic description-building process and its representation.
Degree of toxicity or the lack of it, e.g., irritating, edible, nontoxic, toxic.
Resistance or capacity of being damage or destroyed, e.g. fragile, sturdy.
Timing of the attaiment of functional maturity, sometimes relative to other structures, sometimes as to constituent structures relative to each other. E.g. early-maturing, hysteranthours, protandrous.
A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts.
The mode of reproduction or the mode of the development of reproductive organs, including characters of fertility, mating systems, dispersal and pollination strategies, and maturation or distribution of female and/or male flowers. E.g., agamospermous, allogamous, self-fertilizing, polycarpic . Reproductive organs/structures go into Structure.
The relative position of a structure to a reference point, line, or/and plane in space, e.g., erect, prostrate.
A process wherein a dormant embryo or spore resumes active growth, e.g., cryptocotyloid, germinating, phanerocotyloid.
An organism's mode of acquiring nutrients, e.g., autotrophic, mycoparasitic.
One of the four natural divisions of the year, spring, summer, fall and winter in the North and South Temperate zones OR one of the two divisions of the year, rainy and dry, in some tropical regions
The flora phenotype ontology (FLOPO): tool for integrating morphological traits and phenotypes of vascular plants
An attribute of a structure. This category holds the names of attributes,e.g. color, shape.
words describing the type of a structure, e.g. primary,
An affecting state or circumstance, often temporary, a structure or organism is in. E.g., frozen, broken, wilty.
Mode or sequential pattern of growth or differentiation, e.g. centrifugal, centripetal, well-developed, differentiated.
The immediate environment or substrate where an organism occurs, e.g., wetland, lake, roadside. Differentitate this category from Distribution.
A pattern quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of the bearer's parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane or about a center or axis.
A state described as certain substance covering the surface of a structure, e.g, sticky, dusty, greasy. Differentiate this category from Pubescence, Relief, and Texture.
Terms that specify the order in which a structure growth in reference to other similar structures. E.g., first, last. Differentiate this category from Development.
Absolute or relative extent in any one dimension or in an area or volume, e.g., big, medium-sized, small.
Overall two- or three – dimensional form or aspect thereof, e.g., rounded, spheroid, folded, folding, incurling.
The mode of opening of a structure, which permits the escape of the content contained within it, e.g. stegocarpous, schizogenous, undehisced. Differentiate this category from Architecture, which emphasizes structural composition of the parts of a structure, e.g., triporate [3-pores].
Collective aspect of hairs, scales or bristles born on a surface, e.g., hairy, scaly, wooly. Differentiate this category from Relief, Coating, and Texture.
Ontogenetic origin, e.g. adenopetalous, andropetalous.
Structure or organism's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. E.g. sensitive, fast-growing.
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
A visual appearance with regard to color, including hue, intensity, or pattern of colors, e.g. dark red, spotted. Differentiate this category with Reflectance.
General topographic aspect of a surface, e.g., glabrous, sculptured, muricate. Differentiate this category from Pubescence, Coating, and Texture.
The distance from one end of a structure to the other end, e.g., long, longer.
The organization of parts that conform a complex structure and may dictate the form at a macro or micro-morphological level. Differentiate this category from Arrangement, Shape, and Structure. Architecture emphasizes the composition of an organ (have or have not a part) and the position of its components in it, e.g. antherless, bimucronate; Arrangement emphasizes the placement of similar organs in space, e.g. clustered, alternate; Shape is the appearance e.g., linear, incurling are shapes of a leaf. When difficult to determine the best category, put the term in two or all three categories. Nouns such as leaves, flowers go into Structure. Notes: Categories were abstracted from 9228 botanical terms used in Flora of North America and Flora of China
External and internal anatomical entities, including parts, spaces, lines, scars, constrictions, derived products, etc. Terms belonging to this category are nouns, e.g., leaves, stems. Adjective form of structure terms go into ""Structure_in_adjective_form"" category.
External and internal anatomical parts, spaces, lines, and derived products. Terms belonging to this category are adjectives, e.g, bracteal, tigmatic. Structure terms that are nouns go into ""Structure"" category.
Mode of attachment to a supporting structure, e.g., affixed, adpressed. Differentiate this category from Fusion.
Physical connection of homologous or non-homologous structures, e.g., subfree, connate, suppressed, unattached, synconnective. Differentiate this category from Fixiation.
Gustatory stimulation or the lack of it, e.g., acrid, almondy, fruity, spicy. This category overlaps significantly with Odor category.
Position with respects of environmental context, e.g. aerial, submerged. Differentiate this category from Position.
Action or activity based on a biological process, e.g., digestive, generative, storage, sensory.
Physical material existing in a structure or secreted by a structure, such as nector, oil. Differentiate this category from Architecture and Function. Terms describing the presence or absence of a substance, such as starchy or tanniferous should go in Architecture. Terms describing the capability of exudating certain substance, such as oil-secreting go in Function.
Linear, one-dimentional shape of the center line through the length of an axis or vein, e.g. spiraling, straight, zig-zagged.
The quantity of a structure, e.g. many, few, fewer.
The degree or nature of evidence when present within the context in point, e.g., obscure, unremarkable, prominent.
The general appearance or function of a whole organism (e.g. growth form of a plant). E.g., tree, shrub, shrubby.
Disposition of perianth (undifferentiated), calyx, or corolla members in the bud.
The disposition of similar structures with respect to one another or in respect with a plane or axis. E.g. whorled, distichous.
Aspect as to proportion and pattern of incident light reflected from the surface, e.g., glassy, glistening, glittering, glossy, polished. Differentiate this category from Coloration.
Disposition to vary or change, e.g., consistent, diverse, varied.
The number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell, e.g., diploid, hexaploid, haploid. Note, ""diplods"" goes into Structure, because the term refer to organisms with that character state.
The closeness of a group of similar structures are distributed as mass per unit area/size, e.g., dense, sparse.
The distance between upper and lower or between dorsal and ventral points of a structur
Olfactory stimulation or the lack of it, e.g., scentless, almondy, aromatic, fetid. This category overlap significantly with Taste category.
The distance from the bottom to the top of a structure, e.g., tall, taller, short, shorter
The extent of lifetime, or persistence and physical state after maturation, e.g., annual, overwintering, deciduous, evergreen.
Substantial properties as perceived by visual and tactile senses, e.g. bony, fleshy, leathery, papery, cartilaginous. Differentate this category from Pubescence, Relief, and Coating.
The distance from one side of something to the other side, e.g., wide, broad, narrowed.
Life stages or events of a structure or organism, including states after life, e.g. budding, fruiting, dormant, seed-shed, decayed.
The disposition of a structure with reference to some non-homologous (dissimilar) structures or larger context. E.g., adaxial, antipetalous, apical, axillary, basal. Differentiate this category from Location.